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ACCOMMODATION
AMBLYOPIA
ANTERIOR CHAMBER
AQUEOUS HUMOR, AQUEOUS FLUID (A-kwe-us)
ASTIGMATISM (uh-STIG-muh-tizm)
BINOCULAR VISION
BLIND SPOT
CATARACT
CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY
CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN
CENTRAL VISION
CHOROID (KOR-oyd)
CILIARY MUSCLES
CILIARY PROCESSES
COLOR BLINDNESS
CONES, CONE CELLS
CONJUNCTIVA (KAHN-junk-TY-vuh)
CONJUNCTIVITIS (KAHN-junk-ti-VY-tis)
CONTRAST
SENSITIVITY
CORNEA (KOR-nee-uh)
See the cornea!
DILATION
DRUSEN
ESOPHORIA
ESOTROPIA
EXOPHORIA
EXOTROPIA
FLOATERS
FOVEA (FOH-vee-uh)
FUNDUS
GLAUCOMA
HYPEROPIA (hy-pur-OH-pee-uh)
INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE (IOP)
IRIS
See the iris!
LACRIMAL GLAND
(LAK-rih-mul)
LEGAL BLINDNESS
LENS
See the lens!
LOW VISION
MACULA (MAK-yoo-luh)
See the macula!
MYOPIA (my-OH-pee-uh)
NIGHT BLINDNESS
OPTIC CUP
OPTIC DISC / OPTIC NERVE HEAD
OPTIC NERVE
See the optic nerve!
PERIPHERAL VISION (per-IF-ur-al)
POSTERIOR CHAMBER
PRESBYOPIA (prez-bee-OH-pee-uh)
PUPIL
See the pupil!
REFRACTION
RETINA (RET-in-nuh)
See the retina!
RETINITIS (ret-i-NI-tis)
RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA (ret-i-NI-tis pig-men-TO-sa)
RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM (RPE) (ep-ih-THEE-lee-um)
RODS, ROD CELLS
SCHLEMM'S CANAL
SCLERA (SKLEH-ruh)
STRABISMUS
TRABECULAR MESHWORK (truh-BEC-yoo-lur)
UVEA, UVEAL TRACT (YOO-vee-uh)
VISUAL ACUITY
VISUAL FIELD
VITREOUS (VIT-ree-us)
See the vitreous!
ZONULES (ZAHN-yoolz)
c. 1999
Keystone Blind Association
The ability of the eye to change its
focus from distant to near objects;
process achieved by the lens
changing its shape.
Dimness of vision without any apparent organic cause.
The space in front of the iris and
behind the cornea.
Clear, watery fluid that flows between
and nourishes the lens and the
cornea; secreted by the ciliary
processes.
A condition in which the surface of the
cornea is not spherical; causes a
blurred image to be received at the
retina.
The blending of the separate images
seen by each eye into a single image;
allows images to be seen with depth.
(1) A small area of the retina where
the optic nerve enters the eye; occurs
normally in all eyes.
(2) Any gap in the visual field
corresponding to an area of the retina
where no visual cells are present;
associated with eye disease.
A condition in which the eye lens loses its clearness. A gray-white film can be seen in the lens, behind the pupil. Cataracts are caused by a loss of function in the lens tissue, most often after 50 years of age.
The blood vessel that carries blood
into eye; supplies nutrition to the
retina.
The blood vessel that carries blood
from the retina.
See VISUAL ACUITY.
The layer filled with blood vessels that
nourishes the retina; part of the
uvea.
The muscles that relax the zonules to
enable the lens to change shape for
focusing.
The extensions or projections of the
ciliary body that secrete aqueous
humor.
The inability to clearly tell one color from another. Color information is conveyed by the cone cells in the retina. Color blindness is a condition in which the cone cells are not being stimulated properly. Some people with color blindness cannot see color at all, seeing everything as gray. Others seecolor but cannot differentiate between certain hues. Very few people are color blind to the color blue.
One type of specialized light-sensitive
cells (photoreceptors) in the retina that
provide sharp central vision and color
vision.
Also see RODS.
The thin, moist tissue (membrane) that
lines the inner surfaces of the eyelids
and the outer surface of the sclera.
An inflammation of the Conjunctiva.
The ability to perceive differences
between an object and its background.
The outer, transparent, dome-like
structure that covers the iris,
pupil,
and anterior chamber; part of eye's
focusing system.
A process by which the pupil is
temporarily enlarged with special eye
drops (mydriatic); allows the eye care
specialist to better view the inside of
the eye.
Tiny yellow or white deposits in the
retina or optic nerve head.
A condition in which one eye involuntarily turns inward toward the other when the eyes are not focused on an object.
An internal strabismus in which one eye deviates inward in relation to the other.
A condition in which one eye involuntarily turns outward when at rest.
An external strabismus in which one eye deviates outward in relation to the other.
One or more spots that appear to drift in front of the eye. Floaters are made by the shadow cast on the retina of material within the eyeball.
The central part of the macula that
provides the sharpest vision.
The interior lining of the eyeball,
including the retina, optic disc, and
macula; portion of the inner eye that
can be seen during an eye
examination by looking through the
pupil.
Disease of the eye, marked by a mechanical increase in
intraocular pressure causing organic changes in the
optic nerve and defects in the
visual field.
Farsightedness; ability to see distant
objects more clearly than close
objects; may be corrected with glasses
or contact lenses.
Pressure of the fluid inside the eye;
normal IOP varies among individuals.
The colored ring of tissue suspended
behind the cornea and immediately in
front of the lens; regulates the amount
of light entering the eye by adjusting
the size of the pupil.
The small almond-shaped structure
that produces tears; located just above
the outer corner of the eye.
In the U.S.,
(1) visual acuity of 20/200
or worse in the better eye with
corrective lenses (20/200 means that a
person must be at 20 feet from an eye
chart to see what a person with normal
vision can see at 200 feet) or...
(2)
visual field restricted to 20 degrees
diameter or less (tunnel vision) in the
better eye.
NOTE: These criteria are
used to determine eligibility for
government disability benefits and do
not necessarily indicate a person's
ability to function.
The transparent, double convex
(outward curve on both sides)
structure suspended between the
aqueous and vitreous;
helps to focus
light on the retina.
Visual loss that cannot be corrected
with eyeglasses or contact lenses and
interferes with daily living activities.
The small, sensitive area of the
central retina; provides vision for fine
work and reading.
Nearsightedness; ability to see close
objects more clearly than distant
objects; may be corrected with glasses
or contact lenses.
Poor vision at night or in dim light. Causes of this include
Retinitis Pigmentosa, and a lack of Vitamin A.
The white, cup-like area in the center
of the optic disc.
The circular area (disc) where the
optic nerve connects to the retina.
The bundle of over one million nerve
fibers that carry visual messages from
the retina to the brain.
Side vision; ability to see objects and
movement outside of the direct line of
vision.
The space between the back of the iris
and the front face of the vitreous; filled
with aqueous fluid.
The gradual loss of the eye's ability to
change focus (accommodation) for
seeing near objects caused by the
lens becoming less elastic; associated
with aging; occurs in almost all people
over age 45.
The adjustable opening at the center
of the iris that allows varying amounts
of light to enter the eye.
A test to determine the best
eyeglasses or contact lenses to
correct a refractive error (myopia,
hyperopia, or
astigmatism).
The light-sensitive layer of tissue that
lines the back of the eyeball; sends
visual messages through the optic
nerve to the brain.
An inflammation of the retina.
A form of hereditary degeneration of the retina which
begins as night blindness, but which produces a gradual loss of vision which may be complete.
The pigment cell layer that nourishes
the retinal cells; located just outside
the retina and attached to the
choroid.
One type of specialized light-sensitive
cells (photoreceptors) in the retina that
provide peripheral vision and the ability to
see objects in dim light (night vision).
Also see CONES.
The passageway for the aqueous fluid
to leave the eye.
The tough, white, outer layer (coat) of
the eyeball; with the cornea, it protects
the entire eyeball.
An abnormal condition in which the eyes do not move together or are "crossed".
The spongy, mesh-like tissue near the
front of the eye that allows the
aqueous fluid (humor) to flow to
Schlemm's canal then out of the eye
through ocular veins.
The middle coat of the eyeball,
consisting of the choroid in the back of
the eye and the ciliary body and iris in
the front of the eye.
The ability to distinguish details and
shapes of objects; also called central
vision.
The entire area that can be seen when
the eye is forward, including
peripheral vision.
The transparent, colorless mass of gel
that lies behind lens and in front of
retina.
The fibers that hold the lens
suspended in position and enable it to
change shape during accommodation.